Thao Wessuwan

History of ‘Thao Wessuwan’:
Guardian Deity of the Four Directions, Protector of Humanity

Thao Wessuwan is a revered deity among the guardians of the four directions, serving as a protector of humanity and upholder of Buddhist principles. Known for safeguarding against malevolent forces and bestowing wealth, he is revered in various religious beliefs across Thailand.”

History of Thao Wessuwan

Thao Wessuwan is the divine offspring of Lord Vishnu, bestowed with the position of a deity by Lord Brahma.

Also known as Thao Wessuwan, or in Pali as “Thao Kuvera,” and in Buddhist scriptures as “Thao Paisop,” he is one of the guardians of the four directions, responsible for protecting and overseeing humanity. Residing in the heavenly realm of Tavatimsa, situated in the northern direction, he is attended by celestial beings, rakshasas, and other demonic entities. It is said that the dominion governed by Thao Wessuwan is vast and extensive, and he serves as the leader of the four guardians, including “Phra In” (guardian of the east), “Phra Yom” (guardian of the south), and “Phra Warun” (guardian of the west). As the lord of demons, he wields considerable influence and power.

Common Statues of Thao Wessuwan found at temple entrances and shrines often portray him as a giant, reflecting his prominent role as the chief among giants and rakshasas. In ancient Thai tradition, people often tie cloth knots resembling giants’ figures to children’s bedposts to ward off malevolent spirits. Thao Kuvera is mentioned in ancient texts as the guardian who brings celestial beings from Tavatimsa to protect the Buddha and his disciples, ensuring that no other giants or attendants of the guardians of the four directions disturb them.

Thao Wessuwan, depicted in human form as a pot-bellied man, is regarded as the deity of wealth and prosperity. It is believed that worshiping him brings abundant riches and safeguards against unseen dangers. Those involved in dangerous professions or facing legal issues often carry images of Thao Wessuwan as a protective talisman. Additionally, there is a belief that Thao Wessuwan’s presence ensures the well-being of newborns and young children, protecting them from malevolent spirits. Hence, it is customary for parents to worship Thao Wessuwan, especially when their children are restless or crying at night, to ward off any potential harm.

In Thailand, another form of worship of Thao Wessuwan, known as Phra Pisasart, is practiced. In this form, he is depicted holding a trident in his right hand and making a gesture with his left hand, signifying the prohibition of wrongdoing. Phra Pisasart has long been a symbol of justice and is believed to protect righteousness in heaven. It is speculated that since the establishment of legal departments over a hundred years ago, Phra Pisasart has been associated with legal matters. However, there is no official evidence of his use as a governmental symbol in legal proceedings to date.

There is a widespread belief that those who worship Thao Wessuwan will be blessed with prosperity, wealth, and protection from evil spirits. Worshipping him regularly and performing righteous deeds are recommended to receive his blessings and favor.